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Microsoft Attack Simulator Unique Payloads and Target Users Explained

Huda Qurayshi Sep 30, 2026 869 views

Question details

The user needs an explanation of the 'unique payloads' and 'target all selected users' features within Microsoft Attack Simulator automations.

Microsoft Attack Simulator Unique Payloads and Target Users Explained

Product: Microsoft Attack Simulator
Device & OS: not provided
Scenario: Configuring automated simulated phishing campaigns for employee security training.
Observed behavior: Seeking a clear understanding of payload distribution and user targeting mechanics to configure effective simulation runs.

Before you start

Ensure you have the appropriate administrative permissions, such as Attack Simulation Administrator or Security Administrator, within the Microsoft 365 Defender portal before configuring simulation automations.

Solution 1Recommended

Understanding Attack Simulator Automation Settings

Clarification on how unique payloads and target user settings function during automated Microsoft Attack Simulator runs.

When setting up automated simulation runs in Microsoft 365 Defender, administrators can customize payload delivery and user targeting to create varied and realistic phishing scenarios. Properly configuring these options prevents predictable testing patterns.

Configure Unique Payloads

Selecting the 'unique payloads' option ensures that every automated run utilizes different simulated content. This means the system will automatically vary the phishing messages, malicious links, or attachments so users do not receive the exact same test multiple times.

Target All Selected Users

Enabling the option to target all selected users means that every single user included in the automation's target list will receive a payload during each scheduled run. For instance, if 100 users are selected, all 100 individuals will be targeted in every single simulation triggered by that specific automation.

Understanding Attack Simulator Automation Settings

Automation Duration: If an automation is scheduled to run for a limited period (e.g., one month), the designated users will only receive the unique simulation payloads generated within that specific timeframe.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What happens if I don't use unique payloads in my simulation runs?

If unique payloads are disabled, the Attack Simulator may send the same phishing message or simulated attack multiple times. Users might easily recognize the duplicate test, which heavily reduces the educational value of the security training.

Can I modify the target user list after an automation starts?

Yes, administrators can update the target user lists within the Microsoft 365 Defender portal. However, these updates will only apply to future simulation runs generated by the automation, not retroactively.

Does Microsoft Attack Simulator require a specific license?

Yes, utilizing the Microsoft Attack Simulator requires an active Microsoft Defender for Office 365 Plan 2 license, which is typically included in enterprise subscriptions such as Microsoft 365 E5.

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